Elsevier; 2021. https://www.clinicalkey.com. C) spleen. Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. The only antibodies that normally cross the placenta are Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are Chapter 22 (Lymphatic system and Immunity). <>
Plasma is the liquid component of blood. Which of these is not a property of the immune response? DePompolo RW (expert opinion). An Overview of Axillary Lymphadenopathy (Swollen Lymph Nodes in the Armpit), Swollen Lymph Nodes (Adenopathy) in Cancer, Major Differences Between Leukemia and Lymphoma, Lymphoma Facts and Statistics: What You Need to Know. One reason for this disorder is an increased movement of blood plasma albumin into the interstitial space through leaky capillaries. The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it A) helps maintain normal blood volume. Overview of lymphedema for physicians and other clinicians: A review of fundamental concepts. Stem cells that will form B cells and NK cells are found in the. E) NK. A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers, 32. The lymphatic vessels are punctuated at intervals by small masses of lymph tissue, called lymph nodes, that remove foreign materials such as infectious microorganisms from the lymph filtering through them. C) an antibody attached to an antigen. the vena cava lymph. E) basement membranes. A) suppress antigens. The lymph nodes and the spleen facilitate immunological surveillance of the host. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/lymphatic-disorders/overview-of-the-lymphatic-system?query=lymphatic%20system. When assessing a client with partial-thickness burns over 60% of the body, which finding should the nurse report immediately? Lymph from what regions of the body is drained into the right lymphatic duct? Lymphatic system: an active pathway for immune protection. Which lymphoid organ(s) appear(s) before the others? D) veins. Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system. C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. E) innate, Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called _____ immunity. The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except A) lymphatic vessels. Lymphedema signs and symptoms include: Swelling of part or all of the arm or leg, including fingers or toes. D) auto C) having larger diameters and looser walls than blood capillaries. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). What are the main lymphatic system organs? The medullary cords of a lymph node contain _____ cells. What is the role of the lymphatic system in immunity? 4th ed. %PDF-1.5
Leg lymphedema. Lymph nodes filter out bacteria and cancer cells and create white blood cells to fight infection. The lymphatic system also helps defend the body against infection. Immunity that results from vaccination against influenza is classified as Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. All adults should have their cholesterol levels checked once every 5 years. A) T cells. B) plasma These complications can range from infections to blockages to cancer. Lymphocytes can develop and mature in the ________. Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus? The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. Characteristics of specific defenses include Lymph is made up of more than plasma. In rare circumstances, it affects both arms or both legs. fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/lymphatic-disorders/lymphedema?query=lymphedema. Lymph is transported along the system of vessels by muscle contractions, and valves prevent lymph from flowing backward. What if they were in parallel? They usually cannot be seen or easily felt. Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice persistent swelling in your arm or leg. They are the sites of 1) antigen trapping, 2) homing of cells of the immune system that have been exposed to their triggering antigens, and 3) subsequent expansion and release of lymphocyte clones capable of further response to specific antigens. Fell free get in touch with us via phone or send us a message. Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue. AskMayoExpert. Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries. Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ? B) suppressor T A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except. Lowest rating: 1. It has follicles similar to those in the spleen. B) plasma Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the, Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in, If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of. C) helper T ________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx. Can Swollen Lymph Nodes Be a Symptom of Breast Cancer? D) thymus. The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except, Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they, Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they, All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it, spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue, Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the, The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions, except the. Which of the following lymph organs is NOT matched with its function? Which of the following is true of both lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries? Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels. 03/27/2021. The lymphatic system directly impacts other systems of the body. D) Langerhans cells. Descriptions: The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it. Lymph nodes filter out bacteria and cancer cells and create white blood cells to fight infection. Lymph arrives at the lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels. Primary lymphoid organs include the thymus, bone marrow, fetal liver, and, in birds, a structure called the bursa of Fabricius. E) basement membranes. B) plasma Highest rating: 5. Chapter 19 o Baroreceptors are sensitive to __ o Normal blood pressure level and hypertensive levels o Normally low oxygen causes vasodilation in vessels and high oxygen causes vasoconstriction except in what organ o What affects blood flow resistance? Talk to your healthcare provider if you notice signs that your lymphatic system is not functioning optimally. D) skin. A) active Which of these organs does not drain its lymph into the thoracic duct? transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. Lymphedema occurs when the lymph vessels are not able to adequately drain lymph fluid, usually from an arm or leg. b) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. Autoimmune illness results from a failure of what aspect of immunity? C) NK The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except fluid regulation and blood pressure within the body, C.Lymphatic vessels provide a route of drainage of interstitial D) opsonization. A) body hair. Liao S, von der Weid PY. Veins have fewer internal valves than lymphatic vessels. Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called immunity. The lymphatic system does all of the following, transports digested fats to the cardiovascular system, drains excess fluid from space between cells, allows for the circulation of cellular defenses, What collection of lymphoid tissue, found in the ileum of the small intestine, is comprised of. The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. other information we have about you. Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include An inflammatory response is triggered when Leslie has a bad sore throat and lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. Clinical staging and conservative management of peripheral lymphedema. Fluid that is lost from the blood by capillary filtration drains from the interstitium into lymphatic capillaries, and this fluid, termed lymph, is propelled back into circulation by a combination of the contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle and artery . E) innate, Immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is called _____ immunity. The lymph system maintains the body's fluid balance and fights infections. Lymphatic vessels connect this network of lymph nodes. B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. Lymph transport involves all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) microglia. None of the other four answers (all are true of the lymphatic system) It brings microbial antigens into contact with immunologically active cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) Lymphatic capillaries lie in close physical proximity to arterial and venous capillaries Lymph nodes are located at . Lymphedema caused by cancer treatment may not occur until months or years after treatment. It is composed of lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic cells. E) fibrous connective tissue. C) secretions. The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the cells. The lymphatic system does all of the following except: Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it. The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they. Lymphatic cells include macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, as well as lymphatic organs such as the spleen and thymus. Mayo Clinic; 2021. The human lymphatic system consists of all of the following structures except a. adenoids and tonsils b. lymph nodes and lymph vessels c. spleen and thymus d. pancreas and adrenal glands. Lymph (from Latin, lympha, meaning "water") is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system, a system composed of lymph vessels (channels) and intervening lymph nodes whose function, like the venous system, is to return fluid from the tissues to be recirculated.At the origin of the fluid-return process, interstitial fluidthe fluid between the cells in all body tissues enters the . endobj
The thymus is most active during ________. Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________. Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart. B) limit the degree of memory in memory T cells. Write the formula for the molecular compound: sulfur dibromide. UltraIronFalcon6. 2016;118(3):515-530. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306544. Swollen Glands or Lymph Nodes With Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma: Overview and More, Lymphatic system: an active pathway for immune protection. 32. Home Flashcards A&P 2- Lymphatic System. Secondary lymphatic organs include all of the following except (A) spleen (B) lymph nodes (C) lymph nodules (D) thymus gland (E) A & D of the above; Lymph nodes usually have all the following: 1. capsules, hilus and efferent vessels. The lymphatic system is a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs. Peyers patches are found in the distal portion of the ________. D) cytotoxic T When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a cell. More : The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it. Of the following lymphoid organs, which is/are structurally simplest and lack(s) a complete capsule? C) deactivation of the immune response. E) all of the above. Chronic venous disease and lymphedema. Which of the following does NOT contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. Peyers patches are mucosa-associated lymph tissue located in the __________. D) auto <>
C) helper T Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. All of the following are functions of the lymphatic Two autoimmune diseases, DiGeorge syndrome and Nezelof disease, result in the failure of the thymus to develop and in the subsequent reduction in T cell numbers, and removal of the bursa from chickens results in a decrease in B cell counts. If your answer is yes, provide an example. 4 0 obj
Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. C) NK cells. Homework Clinic is a free homework helpline for anyone who signs-up. B) epithelium. B cells are primarily activated by the activities of IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer. C) spleen and lymph nodes. Stem cells destined to become B lymphocytes remain in the bone marrow as they mature, while prospective T cells migrate to the thymus to undergo further growth. Where are the three large clusters of superficial lymph nodes? This content does not have an Arabic version. What anatomical area(s) is/are protected by the tubal tonsils? The lymphatic system does all of the following except: A) drain excess fluid from tissues B) fight infection C) provide oxygen D) transport nutrients Question 2 Immune response to one's own body tissue: A) allergen B) anaphylaxis C) autoimmune D) antihistamine A) spleen The lymphatic system is an important and often underappreciated component of the circulatory, immune, and metabolic systems. Lymphedema. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could
What are the organs of the immune system? 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which
American Cancer Society. In addition to serving as a drainage network, the lymphatic system helps protect the body against infection by producing white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help rid the body of disease-causing microorganisms. These conditions include: Cancer of the lymphatic system is called lymphoma. The thymus functions strictly in maturation of B cells. C) lymphocytes. E) result in B-cell producing antibodies. All of the following EXCEPT _____ is a function of the lymphatic system. In addition to serving as a drainage network, the lymphatic system helps protect the body against infection by producing white blood cells called lymphocytes, which help rid the body of disease-causing microorganisms. The thymus is located just behind the sternum in the upper part of the chest. . A) destruction of target cell membranes. Lymphedema: It results due to the blockage in the lymphatic system due to the swelling of the tissues causing oedema . The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, nodes, and ducts that pass through almost all bodily tissues. 18. Lymphedema may be treated by all EXCEPT which of the following? B) thymus A) immune system attacks normal body cells. 4. For a complete list of videos, visit our video library, Privacy | Terms of Use | Contact Us | Mar 1, 2023. the passage from the pharynx to the middle ear. Besides lymph nodes, where would you expect to find proliferating (dividing) B cells? June 2, 2021. In humans the thymus and bone marrow are the key players in immune function. Secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis. Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called _____ immunity. Lymphatic collecting vessels originate in which of the following areas? The fluid and proteins within the tissues begin their journey back to the bloodstream by passing into tiny lymphatic capillaries that infuse almost every tissue of the body. E) lymph. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT ________. The lymphatic system removes this fluid and these materials from tissues, returning them via the lymphatic vessels to the bloodstream, and thus prevents a fluid imbalance that would result in the organisms death. B) liver. E) All of the answers are correct. Clinical features and diagnosis of peripheral lymphedema. Lymphatic cells include macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, as well as lymphatic organs such as the spleen and thymus. A) versatility. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most common cancers in the U.S. C) lymph nodes weakness and anorexia, which may result from therapy of calves with diarrhea, as the most common cause. What the lymphatic system is. A) B Mehrara B. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Available Compression Products from Mayo Clinic Store, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition, Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: Microsurgery can help treat lymphedema, Mayo Clinic Minute: First-of-its-kind surgery helping patients with lymphedema. The importance of plasma in blood. MedlinePlus. The composition of lymph is most similar to __________. These nodes are found throughout the body (neck, armpits, groin, chest, and abdomen). D) lymph nodes. 1 Lymph is a clear-to-white fluid made of: White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, the cells that attack bacteria in the blood and body tissues. What is the main function of the lymphatic system? Egg cells are about the size of a grain of sand. D) eosinophils. The lymphatic system is a system of specialized vessels and organs whose main function is to return the lymph from the tissues back into the bloodstream. The importance of the primary lymphoid organs is demonstrated by its involvement in autoimmune disease. What is the function of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries? Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________ that trap bacteria and particulate matter. Which defense cells can specifically identify and directly kill disease cells? D) thymus. right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein. The classic pathway of complement fixation occurs when C1 binds to. E) kidneys. There, it empties before returning the filtered lymph to your bloodstream. D) depress the responses of other T cells and B cells. If your answer is no, explain why not. Which part of the spleen is the site of immune function? From the right leg, lymph moves in which order? B) produce a fever. The system moves lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, through your bloodstream. Hardening and thickening of the skin (fibrosis) Signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe. Intestinal lymphangiectasia. Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with. They do not deliver nutrients nor gases to the tissues; that is the role of blood vessels. B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. privacy practices. It is responsible for moving excess fluid, called lymph, out of tissues and back through the body. The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except - 29597251. cynditorrez5859 cynditorrez5859 11/27/2022 Biology High School answered expert verified The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except A) lymphatic vessels. C. 43. Mature B and T cells exit the primary lymphoid organs and are transported via the bloodstream to the secondary lymphoid organs, where they become activated by contact with foreign materials, or antigens. . The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except lymphatic vessels lymph nodes the spleen. Diffusion Let us complete them for you. 2015;38:83-89. Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics. In addition, there are things you can do to ensure your system functions optimally. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with legs of drastically different sizes. removal of aged and damaged red blood cells from the blood. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
17 Questions About Health and Wellness Answered, https://www.britannica.com/science/lymphatic-system, National Center for Biotechnology Information - Anatomy, Lymphatic System, The Nemours Foundation - For Teens - Spleen and Lymphatic System, The Nemours Foundation - For Parents - Spleen and Lymphatic System, lymphatic system - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), lymphatic system - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), The lymphatic system is commonly divided into the primary lymphoid organs, which are the sites of B and T cell maturation, and the secondary lymphoid organs, in which further differentiation of. The other trunk, the thoracic duct, drains the rest of the body into the left subclavian vein. B) epithelium. These patients show signs of mental depression, Fluid therapy is perhaps the most important aspect in the. It allows the circulation of a fluid called lymph through the body in a similar way to . We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels? The functions of the lymphatic system complement . Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons? . When the lymphatic system malfunctions, some diseases or disorders can occur. A) They contain T lymphocytes and Lymphatic vessels begin in peripheral tissues and ultimately drain into A) veins. The white pulp of the spleen is populated by, Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except. Which of these is an example of interaction between the nervous system and the immune system? .0,0,0,a3,a4,a5, (assuming that terms follow the pattern of all but the first three terms) b) a0,0,a1,0,a2,0,a_0, 0, a_1, 0, a_2, 0, . Which of these statements about lymphocytes is false? A) helps maintain normal blood volume. (internet) The thoracic and right lymphatic duct and these ducts . Lymphedema. As a freelance writer, Kathi has experience writing both reported features and essays for national publications on the topics of healthcare, advocacy, and education. There are multiple. C. transport nutrients.D. 2. Which of the following is NOT a method that maintains lymph flow? It most commonly affects the arms or legs, but can also occur in the chest wall, abdomen, neck and genitals. Lymphatic system in cardiovascular medicine. The functions of the lymphatic system complement the bloodstream functions, as it regulates the balance of fluids in the body and filters the pathogens from the blood[1]. Lymphedema refers to tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid that's usually drained through the body's lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a collection of organs involved in the production, maturation, and harboring of white blood cells called lymphocytes. D) transports lipids from the digestive tract. A.Lymphatic organs are sites where immune responses occurs The cells responsible for cellular immunity are the _____ cells. 3. macrophages, T cells, stroma, and eosinophils. The filtration of lymph and activation of the immune system are the two basic functions of the __________. Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. These tubes are called lymph vessels or lymphatic vessels. B) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. A) shingle-like endothelial cells. There is a problem with
defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats. fluid back into venous circulation, D.Some lymphatic organs are sites where specific immune cells About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph. Accessed May 19, 2021. Accessed May 25, 2021. B) liver. The lymphatic system involves many organs, including the tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus. Thoracic duct. Which of the following is NOT a normal component of lymph? This content does not have an English version. severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs do(es) NOT contain reticular connective tissue? <>>>
Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes? Lymphocyte production does not involve which of the following: Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphatic nodule. Hypoalbuminemia is a medical condition in which blood plasma levels of albumin are abnormally low. The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are _____ cells. In women who are at least 5 years beyond menopause, it slows bone loss and increases spinal bone density. A) NK You have about 600 lymph nodes in your body. When functioning optimally, the lymphatic system defends against infection and helps maintain homeostasis, which is the body's way of managing a . The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that carry protein-rich lymph fluid throughout the body. D) phagocytes. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats. Calcitonin is a naturally occurring hormone. Right Lymphatic Construct. Stem cells that will form B cells and NK cells are found in the Functions of the spleen include all of those below EXCEPT ________. The lymphatic system does all of the following except: A) drain Mechanoreceptors in the lateral line system that detect changes in water movement. It makes up 55% of your blood. D) complement. A) active Lymphatic system is considered as a part of both the circulatory and immune systems, as well as a usually neglected part of students' books. In the cortex of the thymus, developing T cells, called thymocytes, come to distinguish between the bodys own components, referred to as self, and those substances foreign to the body, called nonself. This occurs when the thymocytes undergo a process called positive selection, in which they are exposed to self molecules that belong to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system is part of the body's immune system, which protects against infection and disease. B. provide oxygen. Lymphatic filariasis affects over 120 million people in 72 countries throughout the tropics and sub-tropics of . Which of these statements about lymphocytes is false? develop immunocompetence, E. Filtering lymphatic fluid for foreign antigens, OPTION B IS FALSE The removal of excess fluids from body tissues. Explanation: . fluid back into venous. Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins. Spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue. What is the role of the lymphatic system in disease? Dural sinus. In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs. The lymph system is an important part of our immune system. Lymphadenitis: It is the swelling of the lymph node due to infection. There thymocytes that have the ability to attack the bodys own tissues are destroyed in a process called negative selection. A) B C) activate complement. Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the D) cytotoxic T Red and white blood cells and platelets, suspended in the plasma, make up the remaining portion. The lymphatic system is a system of thin tubes and lymph nodes that run throughout the body. Chyle (lymph and triglycerides) is taken up from the intestine during digestion and conveyed by the thoracic duct to empty into the venous system. Mathematical models fit to field data show that protracted transient dynamics may govern the extinction of lymphatic filariasis following interventions and question existing WHO guidelines for . Lymph is excess fluid formed from plasma that accumulates in the tissues as interstitial fluid. D) being the starting point of the lymphatic circulation. Exam Review AP2 Chapters 19-21 Vessels, Lymphatics, Immune System. What is the name of the enlarged sac to which the lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk return lymph? In addition, the lymph nodes create immune cells to fight infection and other harmful substances it detects in the fluid. Those cells capable of recognizing the bodys MHC molecules are preserved, while those that cannot bind these molecules are destroyed. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. B) natural passive The primary function of the lymphatic system is. transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. The lymphatic system has a variety of functions in the body. The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the _______. Fights infection Transports lipids from the digestive tract Helps maintain normal blood volume Transports gases to and away from lymph nodes Eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid