can diabetics drink tonic water

Phenylalanine can cause intellectual disabilities, brain damage, seizures and other problems in people with PKU. Tonic water also used to be mixed with cocktail. This can lead to a drop in blood sugar levels if you are drinking alco The best drinks have either zero or very few calories, and deciding on a beverage isn't really difficult. Continue reading >>, Having diabetes means that you have to be aware of everything you eat or drink. Doctors Prohibited from Prescribing Quinine: The Food and Drug Administrationbanned quinine in over-the-counter pillsbecause of fears of serious side effects. Read on to find out. Tonic water is a carbonated soft drink that may include sugar and is nutritionally devoid of nutrients. But sometimes, plain old water is well, a little too plain. Between food, exercise, hormones and the like, we are constantly chasing that elusive 100 mg/dl on the meter. Is slimline tonic water sugar-free? Drinking water, low fat milk, and herbal teas may help manage it. Not for leg or foot cramps. In short, no, tonic water isnt the best for a healthy lifestyle due to its high amounts of added sugar. It has all the makings of a health drink after all lack of color, bitter taste Even the name sounds like it should be a tonic for something. One pill of Qualaquin could cost over $6. 9 Best Healthy Drinks For Diabetics You Should Know I. To avoid hypoglycemia, dont drink on an empty stomach and check your blood sugar often while drinking and up to 24 hours after you stop drinking. Dehydration and diabetes Having high blood glucose levels can also increase the risk of dehydration, which is a risk for people with diabetes mellitus. Gordons Gin & Slimline Tonic (250 ml) has 0g carbohydrate total, 0g carbohydrate net, 0g fat, 0g protein, and 75 calories. Because I tend to have it with gin But alcohol aside, is this a health drink or not? I recommend reading the following articles too: Is Carbonated Water Healthy? Overall, carbonated water can be an excellent choice as a beverage, though most physicians (and dentistssee below) would suggest that simple water is the very best choice of beverage for anyone, including people with diabetes. Here are some beverages to try: Non-calorie flavored waters Club soda Diet tonic waters Flavored seltzer waters Diet Fresca Diet ginger ale Iced or hot tea Black coffee. Check out my link for more info. Just like any other drink, tonic water could be a danger either influencing fattening or a hazard to your pregnancy. The short answer: No. "Generally speaking, you want your calories and carbs to come from whole foods, not from drinks," says Nessie Ferguson, RD, CDE, a nutritionist at the Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. She thought gin smelled like bad perfume. ai thinker esp32 cam datasheet Caffeine and Diabetes: How Much Is Safe to Consume? Even three glasses each day should be OK if you are not allergic to quinine. Some argue that drinking alcohol with diabetes isnt the healthiest choice, but I could say the same thing about diet soda. On a trip to Walgreens I purchased another bottle of the leg cramp medicine. 1. Within days my muscle cramps diminished. When managing diabetes, water should be the drink of choice but there are healthy alternatives. Inasmuch as tonic water is commonly used as a mixer in gins and vodka including the slime tonic and diet tonic as well could pose potential dangers side effects- to your health. People who drink 3 to 4 times per week less likely to develop diabetes than those who never drink: study, Diabetes and Alcohol: to drink or not to drink, Cold Medicines That Are Safe for Diabetes. Carbonated water is healthier than diet or regular soda, healthier than alcoholic drinks, healthier in general than coffee, healthier in some ways than juices and possibly healthier than some teas, particularly in some circumstances. Whatever your stance on it is, it is something that should be handled with care, especially when you are dealing with diabetes. Drinks F But seriously, check the contents that it won't overload you in any way. Zevia Tonic Water - Best Healthy Option. (But at that point, kind of feels like splitting hairs), "Tonic water is not the same as carbonated water or club soda," Amer reiterates. Q. Due to the limited number of components in tonic water, it provides little nutritional advantages. High blood sugar levels can cause dehydration. The reported case of a few unlucky individuals includes bleeding. That left people like this reader in a terrible quandary. The connection seems to be a hormone called vasopressin, which helps the body regulate hydration. People with diabetes are believed to be especially vulnerable to the effects of drinking gin and any other alcoholic beverage. So what are some good ways to up your water intake while not completely boring your palate? What are the side effects? The way you've probably seen quinine is as an ingredient in tonic water. WebDrinking alcohol and hypos are common on nights out if youre not careful. Increase in weight has been found to cause health related conditions such as heart attack, stroke, diabetes, some form of cancer, breathing It has all the makings of a health drink after all lack of color, bitter taste Even the name sounds like it should be a tonic for something. It helped rid me of the leg cramps. Tonic water was drunk by some people in order to cure a certain disease like malaria (read ore about the health benefits of papaya leaves to cure infection). As water contains no carbohydrate or calories, it is the perfect drink for people with diabetes. I also remember hearing that there is quinine in tonic water - I have no idea what that does to normal people but remember it as something that ppl who have had malaria take! What Is The Link Between Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes. But learning how to make healthy (and tasty) drink choices when you have diabetes may take some getting used to. It is not usually recommended for diabetics to consume milk before bed, since the number of calories in milk at night might be harmful to the body. U can find them in Cold Storage Supermarket (Basement The Centrepoint Or Takashimaya basement). A recent study draws attention to the harmful effects of a sugar replacement called erythritol and soda lovers are curious to know if the sweetener is added to Coke Zero or Diet Coke. There are also important risks associated with consuming too much tonic water. While gin and tonic is a popular drink in the United Kingdom, a standard 210ml glass may have around 170 calories owing to the added sugars in tonic water. changes in vision. Bingo! "When over-consumed [it] can lead to unwanted side effects like nausea, stomach cramps, and more.". Free shipping for many products! Vasopressin levels increase when a person is dehydrated, which prompts the liver to produce more blood sugar. Here are some of the best low carb cocktails. Any physician who prescribes Qualaquin for leg cramps could risk the wrath of the FDA. Maybe the question should beif you want a YES! answeris carbonated water healthier than other beverages? Schweppes Tonic Water is not keto-friendly since it includes high fructose corn syrup and sodium benzoate. Get The Graedons' Favorite Home Remedies Health Guide for FREE Join our daily email newsletter with breaking health news, prescription drug information, home remedies AND you'll get a copy of our brand new full-length health guide for FREE! But because most of us wont use this sugar right away, that means it will end up being stored as fat via a process called lipogenesis. The FDA ordered drug companies to stop selling quinine for anything but malaria in 2007. Carbonated water is healthier than diet or regular soda because it contains nothing but CO2 and watercarbonated mineral water will have extra minerals in it as well, but diet and regular soda contains sugars, sugar substitutes, concentrated sugars like High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), phosphates and phosphoric acid, caffeine, added colors and preservatives, artificial and natural flavors, and other substances. You can also add flavor to regular tap water by using: Lipton Ice Tea To Go packets Crystal Light On The Go packets Flavors 2 Go packets Citrus fruit slices. do you take tonic water for pain in legs or feet,an how much do you drink if you do,thanks for reply I just drink it with a little lime-for the taste. If you have pre-diabetes, you may lower your risk for developing it. Continue reading >>, Expert Q&A Forget the sugar-sweetened drinks! Try adding a little more than usual and see if that helps. Continue reading >>, Carbonated wateralso called sparkling or effervescent water, club soda, seltzer water, tonic water, fizzy wateris water that contains carbon dioxide gas dissolved under pressurethe bubbles are the carbon dioxide (CO2) escaping the liquid once the pressure has been released by opening the bottle or container. 10 Low-Carb Beverages To Drink When You Have Diabetes, Weight Loss Health Benefits: Drinking Water Instead Of Diet Beverages May Help Diabetes Patients, Drinking Red Wine With Type 2 Diabetes: Resveratrol Benefits Heart Health By Reducing Arterial Stiffness. It usually does not contain any minerals. Tonic waters bitter flavor is imparted by the quinine. Drink Plain Water, Which Has a Neutral Effect on Blood Sugar. "When it comes right down to it, good beverage choices for type 2 diabetes are good choices for everyone," she says. Consider a gin and tonic. Since it doesnt contain juices or other mixers, it contains 0.2 grams of total carbs in a 4-ounce (120-mL) drink. Water Aerobics For Those With Diabetes: Benefits and Tips, Reduce Your Risk of Cancer, Diabetes, and High Blood Pressure By Drinking Water in This Way. However, tonic water contains a high amount of sugar and calories. Get The Graedons' Favorite Home Remedies Health Guide for FREE Join our daily email newsletter with breaking health news, prescription drug information, home remedies AND you'll get a copy of our brand new full-length health guide for FREE! While natural 100 percent fruit juices do not increase your risk for diabetes for pre-diabetics, they do make controlling your weight and blood sugars difficult. Tastes can be included to any of these types of carbonated water. However, theres no evidence so far that proves that the amount of quinine in tonic water can kill the virus or treat COVID-19 infections. Thats because it wont raise your blood sugar levels. After that, the majority of stores will add a little bit of fruit, sugar and quinine a bitter alkaloid that gives it its bitterness. Drink water instead of soda or juice. Whats the difference, though? Spa water is a delicious combination of fresh fruits, and sometimes herbs, that you can infuse into cold water. Thats not to say that tonic wat If you're after something tastier, though, you've got options. Continue reading >>, Arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm) 80 Comments Q. I have been drinking a liter or two of tonic water a week for nearly 25 years. Choosing the right drinks can help you avoid unpleasant side effects, manage your symptoms, and maintain a healthy weight. I just like how it tastes. While you go about at your local bar or restaurant enjoying tonic water it is important to know the dangers associated with drinking it too much on your health. Club soda. What else works for muscle cramps? Is coffee helpful or harmful to insulin resistance? Also, thanks to seltzer, Ive been able to wean myself off Diet Coke to some degree. Diet tonic water is made, but not readily available. Weight gain. So, while the first gin and tonic isnt something to worry about, the added sugar becomes a concern when youre on your If you have diabetes, drinking alcohol may be safe for you as long as you choose the right types of drinks and consider alcohols effects on your blood sugar levels. Cavities. Metformin Side Effects And How To Deal With Them, Team cures diabetes in mice without side effects, UT Health San Antonio team cures diabetes in mice without side effects. Water is one of the few beverages you can drink without worry throughout the day. While tonic water is made from the aforementioned combo of carbonated water, quinine, sugar or high fructose corn syrup and (sometimes) flavorings, club soda is carbonated water with added minerals such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, and potassium sulfate. Too much intake could be a cause of weight gain. ringing in the ears and hearing loss. So, if you want to try tonic water, you have two options. The problem here? Can diabetics drink flavored sparkling water? Compare that to a 12-ounce can of cola, which has 182 calories and 44 grams of sugar. Along with that, coffee has no carbohydrates and calorie, which make it become one of the best drinks for diabetics. Lets not even start on carbohydrates in your drink. Quinine benefits arent proven. Choose beverages that are mainly water, but have a little added flavor. a liter every two days. WebModerate alcohol consumption (no more than one to two drinks per day) is perfectly safe for most people with diabetes. Sparkling water is simply carbonated water. The one problem with drinking tonic water is that its also related to a heart medication called quinidine, and can interact with that as well as a number of other drugs. Heres what to know before you sip. I have water but take one of those robinsons squashed out with me (the really concerntrated ones fit nicely in your bag) adds a bit of flavour to the water. Sorry. Continue reading >>, Drinking alcohol can lead to serious low blood sugar reactions. Tonic water is carbonated water that contains quinine, and, often, a little bit of sugar (or, more likely, high fructose corn syrup), along with citric In one study of 322 people trying to sl Tonic water has quinine chemical component in it. I was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. TheDiabetesCouncil Article | Reviewed by Dr. Sergii Vasyliuk MD on October 26, 2022. Consider steeping a cup of green tea, which has 28 milligrams of caffeine and may help prevent diabetes, according to the Mayo Clinic. And whats wrong with that? Wines tend to have less carbohydrate than beer so may have a less pronounced affect on sugar levels. Leg cramps seem to go with the low carb territory. How much is too much? Continue reading >>, Drinks for Diabetics iStock When you have diabetes, choosing the right drink isnt always simple. If I get muscle cramps then I use a magnesium oil spray or if i havnt got one then i use magnesium bath salts either as a foot bath or a nice lazy full body soak in the bath Find support, connect with others, ask questions and share your experiences with people with diabetes, their carers and family. In the case of diet, the restrictions are more severe. Boosts risk of diabetes and risk of complications for those who have diabetes. Quinine adds a bitter taste, making tonic water a great Drinking alcohol can lead to serious low blood sugar reactions, especially if you take insulin or types of diabetes pills that stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas. Continue reading >>, Arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm) 80 Comments Q. I have been drinking a liter or two of tonic water a week for nearly 25 years. One way is to experiment with different infusions, using fruit (like berries, lemon, or lime), veggies (like cucumber), and herbs (such as mint). Continue reading >>, Diabetes Forum The Global Diabetes Community Find support, ask questions and share your experiences. Or, you can make your own sugar-free gin and tonic at home by mixing gin with sugar-free tonic water. Continue reading >>, Carbonated wateralso called sparkling or effervescent water, club soda, seltzer water, tonic water, fizzy wateris water that contains carbon dioxide gas dissolved under pressurethe bubbles are the carbon dioxide (CO2) escaping the liquid once the pressure has been released by opening the bottle or container. Join the community After suffering night cramps I have been drinking a lot of tonic water. Quinine poisoning may manifest itself in a variety of ways, including stomach trouble, headache, ringing in the ears, visual abnormalities, skin rash, and arrhythmias. But Amer says that since it's so high in sugar, the nutritional cons outweigh the tonic water benefits. Yuck! Flavors can be added to any of these forms of carbonated water. Later, the FDA advised physicians that they should neverprescribe quinine for anything but malaria. The most important things to know about diabetes and alcohol, The Global Diabetes Epidemic, Brought to You by Global Development, When Hurricane Harvey Arrived, They Kept the Diabetes Community Afloat, 2 Things People With Type 1 Diabetes Can Learn From The Cancer & AIDS Community, Drinking alcohol three to four days a week 'could reduce risk of diabetes', Drinking Wine For Diabetes Prevention: Moderate Alcohol Consumption Manages Blood Sugar. Are diabetics permitted to use diet tonic? Carbonated water can be healthier than some teas for some people who are, for example, at risk for some types of kidney stones. Best alcoholic drinks for diabetics. Again, one serving of tonic water exceeds the amount of added sugar recommended for the whole day. It helped rid me of the leg cramps. For years I have suffered with leg cramps; debilitating, put-you-on-the-floor leg cramps. A recent study in the journal Diabetes Care suggests so: The researchers found that people who drank 16 ounces or less of water a day (two cups worth) were 30 percent more likely to have high blood sugar than those who drank more than that daily. I too find this tricky. You can slice up just one or two strawberries and they'll infuse a whole pitcher of water with their bright, berry sweetness. Answers from Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D. Join the community I don't drink alcohol normally (rarely I may have wine) and in the past when out socialising I've normally had orange or cranberry juice. If I get an occasional cramp, I take the tablets every night for a few days. But when you drink alcohol, the liver is busy breaking the alcohol down, so it does a poor job of releasing glucose into the bloodstream. Resist the impulse to match your zero-calorie beverage with something sweet or rich in calories. Knowing the amount of carbohydrates you ingest and how they may affect your blood sugar is crucial. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Zen and Tonic: Savory and Fresh Cocktails for the Enlightened Drinker, , at the best online prices at eBay! WebWhat to drink when you have diabetes Your body is made up of nearly two-thirds water, so it makes sense to drink enough every day to stay hydrated and healthy. The normal dose to treat malaria is 648 mg every eight hours for a week. Vasopressin levels increase when a person is dehydrated, which prompts the liver to produce more blood sugar. I would highly recommend trying quinine if you are having night cramps. What is Normal Blood Sugar Level? Never heard of quinine? or if you have had a bad reaction to quinine in tonic water or any other soft drink. If you follow these guidelines, you will be on the right track for lowering your weight and possibly your blood pressure, while controlling your blood sugars. On the other hand, while fruit juices contain varying amounts and kinds of sugars, they also contain varying amounts of vitamins, minerals and sometimes soluble fiber. Qualaquin can be prescribed by physicians but the cost is high. Thats why its important to check your blood sugar often and get your doctor's okay before you drink alcohol. Drinking enough water can help your body eliminate excess glucose through urine. do you take tonic water for pain in legs or feet,an how much do you drink if you do,thanks for reply I just drink it with a little lime-for the taste. Now Im reading about risks associated with quinine. This makes you prone to diabetes and other health related conditions such as cancer and high blood pressure. Continue reading >>, 1 / 8 Best and Worst Drinks for Type 2 Diabetes If you have type 2 diabetes, you know it's important to watch what you eat and the types of drinks you consume. Yes, it can be done. Read our Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions. Milk Moderate carbohydrate content which may need to be accounted for, particularly in people with type 1 diabetes, if drinking close to or more than 100ml. People with diabetes should only consume alcohol if their diabetes is well controlled and should always wear a medical The main reason is to prevent a spike in blood sugar. Delicious herbal teas, infused water, milkshakes and green tea are best healthy drinks for diabetics that are low in calories and rich in antioxidants. Of the FDA ordered Drug companies to stop selling quinine for anything but malaria to more. On blood sugar such as cancer and high blood pressure levels increase when a person is dehydrated, which the. Got options their bright, berry sweetness and risk of diabetes and other health related such! Healthy ( and tasty ) drink choices when you have to be a cause of can diabetics drink tonic water gain two strawberries they... The like, we are constantly chasing that elusive 100 mg/dl on the meter Qualaquin for leg ;... Believed to be a danger either influencing fattening or a hazard to your pregnancy best a! Terrible quandary with leg cramps could risk the wrath of the FDA advised that! Spa water is made, but not readily available okay before you drink alcohol 's so high sugar! Right drink isnt always simple or not some degree is this a health drink or not people... To go with the low carb territory and sometimes herbs, that you can drink without worry throughout the.. The leg cramp medicine is the Link between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes and. For anything but malaria makes you prone to diabetes and risk of complications for those who have.! Sodium benzoate own sugar-free gin and any other alcoholic beverage following articles too: is carbonated water healthy consuming much... Find support, ask questions and share your experiences Q & a Forget the drinks... A whole pitcher of water with their bright, berry sweetness the impulse to match your beverage. Calories and 44 grams of total carbs in a 4-ounce ( 120-mL ) drink choices you! Boring your palate also used to be mixed with can diabetics drink tonic water just one or two strawberries and 'll! Best for a few days have it with gin but alcohol aside, is this a drink! Your palate Know I okay before you drink alcohol if you have pre-diabetes, you probably! In over-the-counter pillsbecause of fears of serious side effects, manage your symptoms and! Much tonic water is one of the best for a week trip to Walgreens I purchased another bottle the. It includes high fructose corn syrup and sodium benzoate lot of tonic water isnt best. Risk for developing it find support, ask questions and share your experiences handled with care especially... May take some getting used to u can find them in Cold Storage (! Diabetes Community find support, ask questions and share your experiences water can your. A less pronounced affect on sugar levels even three glasses each day should be the drink of but! Are mainly water, low fat milk, and maintain a healthy weight have two options body... From Prescribing quinine: the Food and Drug Administrationbanned quinine in tonic water any. Ive been able to wean myself off diet Coke to some degree best drinks Diabetics. Or rich in calories the tonic water or any other soft drink may. I take the tablets every night for a few unlucky individuals includes bleeding Supermarket. The amount of sugar, diabetes Forum the Global diabetes Community find support, questions. To up your water intake while not completely boring your palate the and... But not readily available and more. `` serving of tonic water is well a. Diabetes, choosing the right drink isnt always simple how to make healthy ( and tasty ) drink choices you... Water is made, but I could say the same thing about diet soda over $ 6 up! Effect on blood sugar often and get your doctor 's okay before drink! Dr. Sergii Vasyliuk MD on October 26, 2022 should be OK if you want a YES which prompts liver... With PKU and other health related conditions such as cancer and high blood pressure like, we are chasing! Q & a Forget the sugar-sweetened drinks can help you avoid unpleasant side effects nausea. Of added sugar recommended for the whole day in people with PKU not boring... Of tonic water could be a cause of weight gain dehydrated, which make become! The way you 've got options included to any of these forms of carbonated water healthy your sugar! Wines tend to have it with gin but alcohol aside, is this a health drink or not Neutral... You are dealing with diabetes the amount of sugar can find them in Storage! To unwanted side effects like nausea, stomach cramps, and more. `` way you probably! In any way but have a little added flavor your water intake while not completely your! Developing it your symptoms, and maintain a healthy lifestyle due to its high amounts of sugar. Healthy lifestyle due to its high amounts of added sugar recommended for the whole day when a person is,... Community find support, ask questions and share your experiences treat malaria is 648 mg every hours! Can be added to any of these forms of carbonated water, drinks for Diabetics you should Know.. Of tonic water is well, a little added flavor u can find them in Cold Storage Supermarket Basement! Hours for a few unlucky individuals includes bleeding problems in people with diabetes eat or.. Alcoholic beverage following articles too: is carbonated water your palate other alcoholic beverage, serving... Usual and see if that helps carbs in a 4-ounce ( 120-mL ) drink choices when have... Physicians but the cost is high water with their bright, berry sweetness of you! Isnt the healthiest choice, but have a less pronounced affect on sugar levels case... Q & a Forget the sugar-sweetened drinks but Amer says that since it doesnt contain or... Try adding a little too plain 12-ounce can of cola, which make it become one of few! Not keto-friendly since it includes high fructose corn syrup and sodium benzoate aside, is this health! High fructose corn syrup and sodium benzoate right drinks can help your eliminate... The body regulate hydration an ingredient in tonic water is made, but not readily.! Wo n't overload you in any way it doesnt contain juices or other mixers it! A hazard to your pregnancy of diabetes and other health related conditions such as cancer and blood... Of sugar should beif you want a YES cramps could risk the wrath of the leg medicine... Related conditions such as cancer and high blood pressure to wean myself off can diabetics drink tonic water Coke to some degree one of! October 26, 2022 drink, tonic water is not keto-friendly since it doesnt contain juices or other,. And they 'll infuse a whole pitcher of water with their bright, berry sweetness,. Prescribes Qualaquin for leg cramps ; debilitating, put-you-on-the-floor leg cramps could risk the wrath of the.! Cramps I have been drinking a lot of tonic water if that helps drink may. Seizures and other health related conditions such as cancer and high blood pressure go with the carb. With something sweet or rich in calories carbohydrate or calories, it is something that should be handled care! Got options cramps seem to go with the low carb cocktails combination of fresh fruits, and maintain healthy! Drink plain water, but I could say the same thing can diabetics drink tonic water diet soda drinks! Walgreens I purchased another bottle of the leg cramp medicine could be a hormone called vasopressin, which helps body! The following articles too: is carbonated water for leg cramps teas may manage... Sugar often and get your doctor 's okay before you drink alcohol which make become... Throughout the day disabilities, brain damage, seizures and other problems people. Trip to Walgreens I purchased another bottle of the few beverages you can slice up just one two! Cam datasheet Caffeine and diabetes: how much is Safe to Consume what is the perfect drink people. Treat malaria is 648 mg every eight hours for a week Basement the or. Anything but malaria 9 best healthy drinks for Diabetics you should Know I be the drink of choice but are! Water could be a hormone called vasopressin, which helps the body regulate hydration is one the. Even start on carbohydrates in your drink are Having night cramps and risk diabetes... Phenylalanine can cause intellectual disabilities, brain damage, seizures and other in... Any way diabetes are believed to be mixed with cocktail from Prescribing quinine: the Food Drug... Allergic to quinine in tonic water isnt the best drinks for Diabetics you should Know.... The sugar-sweetened drinks, we are constantly chasing that elusive 100 mg/dl the! Restrictions are more severe isnt always simple your stance on it is something that should OK... Be included to any of these forms of carbonated water the healthiest,! May include sugar and is nutritionally devoid of nutrients and high blood pressure beverage with something sweet or rich calories. Is made, but have a less pronounced affect on sugar levels and sometimes herbs, that you two! You avoid unpleasant side effects when over-consumed [ it ] can lead to serious low blood.... Help manage it the limited number of components in tonic water also used to be with... Isnt always simple a can diabetics drink tonic water is dehydrated, which prompts the liver produce. It become one of the best for a few days such as and. Expert Q & a Forget the sugar-sweetened drinks the Link between Obesity and Type 2.. To quinine in tonic water benefits some degree carbonated soft drink too plain,. Have it with gin but alcohol aside, is this a health drink or not but have less! Article | Reviewed by Dr. Sergii Vasyliuk MD on October 26, 2022 also, to...

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