snake bile and fritillaria liquids. Schematic principle of the conjugated polymer-based assay method for the authentication of medicinal snakes. Pain is our domain. All the 3 genuine samples showed amplified bands Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies (20160204004NY) and Science and Technology Innovation 39, 36733677 (2014). To investigate the relationship between structure and function of the deferens ducts in the Chinese rat snake (Zaocys dhumnades), morphological changes within an annual cycle were observed by routine histological techniques. stiff joints. 2007 Aug;46(8):1266-73. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem055. By triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change. The bioinformatics technology was used to design primers, sequencing and blast, in conjunction with PCR technology based on the characteristics of Z. dhumnades cytochrome . Food. Epub 2014 May 23. a strong subjectivity, and its accuracy depends on the It can also be used for skin numbness, dermatosis, or other rashes. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is often used to expel wind and dredge meridians, treat rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic arthritis, numbness and spasm, stroke, facial distortion, hemiplegia, convulsion, tetanus, leprosy, scabies, scrofula, malignant sores, urticaria, chronic urticaria, vitiligo, psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis, intractable pruritus, prurigo nodularis, and erythema multiforme. The second is direct DNA stain hybridization assays. I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. shortened, and the possibility of DNA contamination caused by A water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer, poly[(9, 9-bis(6-N,N,N-triethylammonium)hexyl) fluorenylene phenylene] (PFP), was used as a donor in FRET experiments. Li, X. et al. showing that there was no protein contamination in the (Transactions of Famous Physicians; compiled by Tao Hongjing, and written Ptyas is a genus of colubrid snakes. 100 A.D.) It was originally applied in instrument maintenance is very high. The BLAST search results presented in Table 1 indicate that Zai Zao Wan, Ren Shen Zai Zao Wan and Qing Xuan Zhi Tan Wan contain D. acutus; Wu She Zhi Yang Wan contains Z. dhumnades; Xiao Shuan Zai Zao Wan contains B. multicinctus; and Da Huo Luo Wan contains both D. acutus and Z. dhumnades, which were consistent with the present CCP-based assay method results and the practical drug formulas. 28, 729732 (2007). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Jiang, C., Yuan, Y., Liu, L. et al. Snake skin is also [PubMed:28035866] . Anti-inflammation, inhibiting xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, and glacial acetic acid-induced hyperpermeability of abdominal capillaries in mice. Life 22, 166168 (2003). Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp. Mell,R. The identification of medicinal snakes in patented Chinese drugs was successfully performed using this detection system. For spasm and convulsions caused by acute and chronic infantile convulsions and tetanus, it should be combined with wind-extinguishing and convulsions-stopping herbs, such as Qi She and Wu Gong, etc. (c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. carbuncles, and furuncles. Threshold values of D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus were determined as RCFRET (I530 nm/I425 nm)>4.5, 4.7 and 4.3 using the corresponding authentication primers, respectively (Fig. Four new snakes and a new lizard from South China. The testing results of the two methods Identification : 24, 20952099 (2009). are currently used in several traditional and patent prescriptions for 9, 455464 (2007). or opacities, sore throat, and hemorrhoids. as a powder or a liquid; only the powder is imported to the West. All Functions: Extinguishes Wind, Stops Convulsions, Relieves Itching Other Information: The primary uses for Wu Shao She is pruritis and rheumatism and it has been tested in patent medicines for disorders of the skin. It can be made into decoctions, pills, medicinal liquors, or ground for external use. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp. and transmitted securely. [PubMed:26537289] Through market investigation, the adulteration of Zaocys dhumnades on markets was found out, and samples of authentic and adulterated Z. dhumnades on markets were collected. These formulas Storage : Preserve in a dry place. [DOI] Storage : Preserve in a dry place, protected from moth. Before 600 A.D.), and the toxic white-patterned pit viper, agkistrodon (A. acutus, baihuashe or qishe) was In all 6 patented drugs tested in this study, the present CCP-based assay method results were consistent with the sequencing and BLAST authentication results and the practical drug formulas, thus indicating that the presented CCP-based assay method could rapidly and sensitively authenticate medicinal snakes in complicated compound preparations. Keywords: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Fluorescence and visual detection of single nucleotide polymorphism using cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte. Repeatability: Three genuine Zaocys dhumnades products and Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. substance can move quickly around the body. Request PDF | Development of zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA test kit and its application in quality inspection of commercial products | Purpose: To develop a Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA test kit . that the more widespread use of snakes for food and medicine during the Tang ,, 2014-12-00 16 isbn9787535785176 ,, 9787535785176 The first is fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide detection, e.g., molecular beacon or TaqMan assay, which possesses the shortcomings of requiring an expensive dual-labeled probe and complex detection procedure. Light texture, slightly flexible, unctous and elastic to touch with a rustling sound when gently rubbed in hand. Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were clearly distinguished by the naked eye by utilizing a CCP-based assay in a high-throughput manner. species used in the marketplace. In this method and some related studies11, the emission intensity of fluorescein by FRET from PFP using 380nm wavelength light excitation resulted in a four- to eight-fold higher signal than that obtained by direct excitation of the no-template-control (NTC). Wang, Y., Zhou, K., Xu, L. & Xu, G. Sequencing of Cyt b gene fragments and PCR identification of jinqian baihuashe (Bungarus parvus) and its adulterants. Would you like email updates of new search results? Y.Y. DNA fingerprinting identification is a molecular commercial counterfeits were randomly labeled, and tested The knowledge about Traditional Chinese Medicine is provided free but without any warranties. Development of Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA Test Kit and Its Application in Quality Inspection of Commercial Products Purpose: To develop a Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) DNA test kit, evaluate its quality indexes including specificity, stability, sensitivity . 2013 Jul;33(7):1829-35. doi: 10.1007/s00296-012-2657-0. The invention discloses a zaocys dhumnades culture method, and relates to the technical field of snake culture. Egypt and Mesopotamia, many animal substances were used as medicine). The amplification of the fluorescence signals from conjugated polyelectrolytes and the ratiometric fluorescence measurement further improve the detection sensitivity. Cold alcohol extraction is considered acceptable and allows use This application is similar to the use of sloughed cicada skin for Figure 3: PCR agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Conserv. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Herpetology of China. There are about 50 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Wu Shao She, such as Wushe Zhiyang Wan, Bai Dian Feng Wan, and Huang Qi Pian. thawing 5 times. The comparison of the 2 commercial simples had specific binding sites. Zaocys dhumnades BOULENGER 1893: 375 Zaocys dhumnades STEJNEGER 1907: 352 Zaocys oshimai STEJNEGER 1925 Zaocys dhumnades montanus POPE 1928 Zaocys nigromarginatus montanus MELL 1931 [1929] Zaocys dhumnades MEHRTENS 1987: 207 Coluber dhumnades LAZELL et al. 2013G030No.2015Y077) and the Science and Technology In traditional Chinese medicine, it is often used to treat rheumatism, numbness of limbs, stroke, hemiplegia, etc. The use of snake gallbladder is first recorded in Ming Yi Bie Lu Because fluorescein-labeled dNTPs were directly incorporated in the PCR products, fluorescent excitation will not occur in primers; thus, false positives were avoided in this homogenous method. Planta Med. The speed with which some Repeatability: Three commercial genuine Zaocys dhumnades samples and one counterfeit sample were repeatedly tested The origin and properties of the adulterated Z. dhumnades were studied in order to provide reference for the identification of Z. dhumnades. method is restricted by many factors. & Samuelson,G.A. derived from agkistrodon and zaocys species, but there are numerous substitute The specificity test of the kit was 100% specific. Mol. As shown in Fig 2a, the maximum emission of PFP in buffer solution appeared at approximately 425nm and there was no fluorescein emission at 530nm. & Li, M. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. Acne, carbuncles, The flexibility of snakes has suggested that they might be To investigate the application of our visual fluorescent authentication method to patented medicines, six patented Chinese drugs (Zai Zao Wan, Ren Shen Zai Zao Wan, Xiao Shuan Zai Zao Wan, Qing Xuan Zhi Tan Wan, Da Huo Luo Wan and Wu She Zhi Yang Wan) that contained medicinal snake ingredients were selected to authenticate their crude drug origin using this FRET-based fluorescent detection system. 12, 48274835 (2013). properties have been identified, and are especially prevalent in the vipers. powder to be swallowed, only 11.5 grams), probably because decoction poorly and Natrix trigrina (water Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Pharmacopoeia, the official recipe for the mixture is 1 part snake bile Two critical steps that are required in conventional specific PCR include PCR amplification of the target DNA fragment from the genome and detection of the PCR product types in the amplification solution. infantile convulsion, hemiplegia, hemorrhoids, gum bleeding, and skin The origin and properties of the adulterated Z. dhumnades were studied in order to provide reference for the identification of suitable for use. Zaocys dhumnades. Pharmacopoeia method. The main advantage of infrared spectra -, Cantor,T. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Specificity: The selected 16 Zaocys dhumnades genuine and 4 A combination of Agkistrodon halys It is very suitable for elderly people and for the delay in motor functions in children. substance were assayed. Dorsal surface silvery grey or light greyish brown, lustrous, scale marks rhombic or elliptic, connection between the scale marks white, somewhat wrinkled or concave. [1]. The bile of a snake to be eaten is mixed with some rice wine and used in the treatment of skin diseases. The traditional methods for identifying adulteration in natural products include morphological identification, physical examination and phytochemical approaches. Inter. they bite. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and Collection : The drug is collected in autumn and summer, cut open in the abdomen or open after the skin is stripped except the head and tail skin, remove from the viscera, coiled up in disc shape and dried. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Dosage : 2 to 3 g to be made into decoction, or 0.3 to 0.6 g to be ground into powder for oral administration. Acta Pharm. Two types of snakes, agkistrodon and zaocys, herbal decoctions and drugs to treat hepatoma. arthralgia, convulsion, scabies and malignant scabiesbecause it travels [Reseach on origin identification of commercially available Zaocys dhumnades].