/ExtGState << >> The 1988 Education act gave more power to parents to choose which school to send their children too and more power to heads of school to manage their own budget, and these two changes together meant that Local Education Authorities lost a lot of their control over how education was managed at the county level. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The New Right theorised that League tables would force schools to raise standards because no parent would want to send their child to a school at the bottom. >> /Contents 279 0 R However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 70 /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. >> /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /StructParents 37 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 106 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 6.0 \(Windows\)) /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R << endobj /OCGs [7 0 R] /Type /Page /Font << >> endobj /StructParents 75 /Contents 303 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 11 /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R >> >> /TT2 159 0 R /ExtGState << << >> /Parent 14 0 R << /Title A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 9 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /TT1 226 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 >> /Type /Page /StructParents 50 (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The Education Reform Act (1988): introduced the national curriculum, league tables, and standardised testing. /Parent 17 0 R /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Annots [193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R Go compare-style websites ranking local schools are taken for granted. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Contents 241 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R /Contents 280 0 R Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. /Properties << 18 0 obj /Rotate 0 0000004437 00000 n The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. << Students will usually move on to study New Labors Education policies after this one. /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R >> 9 0 obj /Properties << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << >> /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 294 0 R << /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 48 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. /Type /Page << endobj >> /Properties << /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << << /Resources << The New Right introduced school league tables in which schools were ranked based on their exam performance in SATs, GCSES, and A levels. /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. >> >> /EmbeddedFiles 20 0 R /Prev 113 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj 101 0 obj << /MC0 129 0 R However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 57 >> H[F)NR/RgaUZU-eI|a c;93mo2w7D!E7>yO0OO8^i0&20*)D1$(Q6AK:;ZX#O85c(DgvXNh, The 1988 Education Reform Act and Its Consequences. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page >> /MC0 129 0 R >> 46 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Count 78 These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R >> >> /TT2 226 0 R This is the act which more than any other has shaped the modern education system. /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R History. New Right ideas have most been mostly strictly followed by the Conservative when they have been in power in the UK firstly, 1979-1997 and again since 2010.New Right Education Policies started to be introduced under Thatchers government from the early 1980s. >> /Font << /Parent 15 0 R /Properties << Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] >> They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. /TT2 226 0 R >> /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Alternative types of schooling in the UK Faith schools Independent Special schools Home schooling Task: Give a definition for each types of school and give at least three advantages and disadvantages. /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 2 104 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT3 159 0 R >> /Font << 0000010001 00000 n 65 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 13 0 R because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. << 107 0 obj >> /StructParents 44 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> /Contents 256 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << 0000003223 00000 n /Properties << /StructParents 67 0000032161 00000 n << /Parent 16 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << << /ExtGState << /Font << >> /Parent 14 0 R 50 0 obj /Resources << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 16 /Font << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /Parent 17 0 R (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") >> >> /C2_0 292 0 R endobj /Parent 10 0 R This means that these schools can, Building on the above example The next best school then skims off the next best students and so on until the worst schools at the bottom just end up with the pupils who no one wants. (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /ExtGState << 0000002642 00000 n /First 18 0 R << /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << >> /GS0 125 0 R << /GS0 125 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /Type /Page /TT2 159 0 R << >> endobj /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 68 minimal competition for funding the policy wont work unless parents a choice over which school to send their pupils to! /Count 10 >> /Parent 14 0 R 0000007728 00000 n /Kids [116 0 R] << >> endobj >> >> << /Type /Page >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 68 0 obj << /Resources << /PageLabels 5 0 R Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. >> /StructParents 12 /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 219 0 R << >> Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /Font << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 7 >> /Parent 12 0 R /ExtGState << /Font << 25 0 obj /Parent 2 0 R Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Pages 2 0 R /Resources << According to the results, the 1988 Education Reform Act has had a strong impact on teaching in the British primary schools. /ExtGState << /Contents 128 0 R /Properties << endobj endobj This benefits special education students and general education students alike. /Parent 16 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 53 0 obj >> /Parent 3 0 R The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. /ExtGState << /ExtGState << >> It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. /Resources << There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. 28. 0 << 64 0 obj /TT1 226 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. /Rotate 0 >> << >> /Metadata 6 0 R /Count 10 /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> % 80 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R >> << /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 62 << /Type /Page experience they had of the education reform. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Rotate 0 >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 1. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Parent 10 0 R /Outlines 3 0 R Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. >> >> >> %%EOF /StructParents 14 /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R >> /MC0 129 0 R >> /StructParents 54 /ExtGState << /Properties << /Properties << /Font << /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << << /TT0 120 0 R The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /StructParents 34 86 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> Access to better education. /StructParents 6 << Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. >> /Type /Pages >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 93 0 obj 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] 21 0 obj >> /Resources << /Parent 10 0 R This will take effect in 2009. The New Right: Underlying Principles. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /Contents 296 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 267 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /Font << /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Pages /ExtGState << The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /Prev 115 0 R /TT1 226 0 R Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. /Type /Page /Length 3936 /Next 112 0 R /TT1 226 0 R << /Parent 11 0 R 0000019248 00000 n /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> as comprehensive schools have such large intakes, it makes discipline more challenging in addition the anonymity students feel in such large schools makes it . << /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page 100 0 obj /Properties << /Font << However, no matter the intention, there are disadvantages of inclusive education as well. And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. >> >> /TT0 120 0 R The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /RBGroups [] /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page << 23 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /Length 963 In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj Schools see middle class students as easy to teach and likely to perform well. /Rotate 0 >> >> << /StructParents 4 startxref /MC0 129 0 R >> All that changed 30 years ago this summer with the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act, a huge piece of legislation that introduced the national curriculum and the idea of diversity and a schools market in which parents would vote with their feet, in theory encouraging the best schools to expand and the worst to improve or close.