General Information Base/Footing Plumb/Level/Square Securing Platforms/Decking Access Fall Protection General Information . [. . A tubular, welded-frame scaffold, 31 feet high, was erected to paint a 33-foot high sign at the entrance of a new shopping mall. This will have an impact on what components you will need as well as how many of each component will be necessary to complete your tasks. bearer) at an angle other than a right angle, shall be laid first. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . Legs, posts, frames, poles, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills, or a firm foundation and, be plum b and braced. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1-1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the . Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. Footing. After the sign had been partially painted, the scaffold was moved to allow concrete to be placed around the sign. The ends of each platform must be cleated or restrained by hooks (or equivalent) to prevent accidental displacement, or must extend at least 6 inches over the centerline of the support. (True or False) _____ 2. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. Once erected, provide toeboards on all railed sides to prevent falling object hazards. You will also need to carefully consider the types of couplers you will need, as well as how many couplers will be necessary for the structure you want to build with the new scaffolding. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . [, Frames and panels must be connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. Call us today 1-888-991-2929! Scaffold tower can be erected in all shapes and sizes. Make sure that a competent person inspects the scaffold before each work shift. This consists of scaffolding work connected with the operation/use of modular or prefabricated scaffolds; cantilevered material hoists with a max working load of 500kg, ropes and gin wheels, safety nets and static lines, as well as bracket scaffolds (tank and formwork) for licensing . [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35-foot vertical intervals. Toeboards must be installed not more than 1/4 inch above the platform and securely fastened. Install guys, ties and braces according to the manufacturers recommendations. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person.Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the . Scaffolding is naturally unstable because it is usually a tall structure with a narrow base. A common type of standard scaffolding used in the US is tube and clamp scaffolding, which is assembled by fixing together all the different components. TRUE represents being SQUARE on both the LEVEL & PLUMB axis at the same time on all sides of the unit being installed. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. Not tied. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. . [, It is dangerous and therefore impermissible for two or more vertical lifelines to be attached to each other, or to the same point of anchorage. Erects scaffolding and ladders for assembling structures above ground level. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. Tip: A scaffold can be overloaded by removing the braces, which causes the weight on the scaffold to be distributed to fewer structural members. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. CALL US AT 877-997-2233. [, Have uniform spacing between rungs of a maximum 16 inches. Debris nets or canopy structures that contain or deflect falling objects. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding. Personal Fall Arrest System. Follow all state, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding. Therefore, an inspection of a scaffold platform requires safety checks of both the platform structure and how the platform is used by the workers. Has vertical supports resting on a firm foundation or sills. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. Scaffold frames (i.e. When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. (Figure 5) [, Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. All brace connections shall be . The scaffold was constructed on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled. For example, a . To make sure the scaffold is level, use a level on a horizontal support or bearer. Pinning - Frames and panels must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means. [, If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, it must have cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. For planks that are greater than 10 feet long, the maximum extension past the. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. [, Employees performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold must be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold, except at the side next to the wall being laid. Because the number of injuries from . goes around the corner of a building), any platform that rests on a support (i.e. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. (Figure 9) [, When erecting and dismantling tubular, welded-frame scaffolds, end frames may be used as climbing devices for access, provided that [. Therefore, assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolding inspection. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(9)(i)]. 22.B.12 Scaffolds shall be plumb and level unless engineered and designed to contour as the structure does. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. In lieu of guardrails, crossbracing may serve as a toprail or midrail, providing the crossing point is: Between 20 and 30 inches above the work platform for a midrail, or, Between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform for a toprail. Supported scaffold poles, legs . As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. The Scaffold cross braces should never be used as a means of access. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. Training shall include [. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. It is strong, dependable, and is relatively low in cost. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where installing and using it does not create a greater hazard. In certain industries such as oil refinery, aviation, gas and chemical manufacture it is necessary to use glass fiber structures as these will not spark or corrode in situations where gasoline, solvents, electricity and so forth are present. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. Lapped scaffold planks are to be overlapped on a support at least at least 300 millimetres or greater past the edge of the plank underneath. Plumb and level all scaffolds as erection proceeds. Shapes materials to prescribed measurements, using saws, chisels, and planes. Workers are most vulnerable to fall hazards when climbing on or off a scaffold. In the same vein, a "true" corner would be squared to exactly 90 degrees. (k) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. The following procedures will cover all scaffolding erected, . The entire platform is attached to the fork. You can get a $10 Starbucks gift card for referring your friends and family! [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects before each shift by a competent person, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). Guys, ties and braces shall be installed where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. from the top of the sill, depending on the slope. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. [, Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses appropriate fall protection. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. 22. Design features include a rest platform every 35 feet, rungs at least 11 1/2 inches wide (8 inches for ladders built into the frame), and uniform rung spacing not exceeding 16 3/4 inches. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. Tip: One way to ensure a stable foundation, when a sill is used, is to secure it to the baseplate (Figure 2). The maximum extension of the plank cannot be more than 12 inches for planks that are 10 feet long or less. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. Basically this is referring to a stand alone structure with platform. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. [, Employers are required to provide safe access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where it does not create a greater hazard. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms, and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. 4. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a Install the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. Fabricated frame scaffolds are the most common type of scaffold because they are versatile, economical, and easy to use. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb (i.e. Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. Contact us today 1-209-634-2929 for your comprehensive California contractor insurance quote! In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. Chicken Ladder. Personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds are required when the guardrail system is incomplete or does not provide adequate protection. Toeboards must be installed on work platforms where materials or tools will be in use. [, Steps and rungs of ladders and stairway-type ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Runners must: Extend over two poles at minimum. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. Our goal is to achieve long-term relationships focused on bringing value to your risk management and insurance programs. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the bottom buck of scaffolding at a 45 degree angle. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Employees involved with set up (or near) the scaffold must wear hard hats. [, Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. The scaffold design must include: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. They are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Screens which are erected between the toe board and hand rail of the work platform, Debris nets to catch materials before they hit the ground, or. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Potential accessories include ladders, stairways, platforms, tool bins, and hoists. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. [, OSHA standards specifically forbid climbing cross-braces as a means of access. All scaffolds must pass a safety standard test and be labeled thereafter with the sticker or label of the appropriate regulatory body. Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. In some cases, you may choose a new scaffolding tower rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. 6. Scaffolds with height to base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means. The base and mud sill must provide a solid surface for the feet to sit upon so that the scaffold doesn't sink, move, settle, or shift. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. [, Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only by experienced and trained employees who have been selected for that work by the competent person. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)], Scaffolds may not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 29 CFR 1926.452(w) are followed. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. The face of the work (ex. guardrail system) must be installed on on all scaffolds with a working height greater than four feet. Additional protection from falling debris and other small objects must be provided in areas where personnel will be in the vicinity of scaffolds. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. C. Survey the job site. Platforms and walkways, in general, must be at least 18 inches wide. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. General Guidelines. 3. Others, such as swivel couplers, can be used for a variety of purposes; they can be positioned to allow various angles and crosses among the types of piping. (l) Use a tag line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold. Tip: Separation of frames can occur in high winds (uplift), or when workers climb endframes, overload the platform, or strike the scaffold with tools, materials, etc. Decide ahead of time which type of system you want to use so you have a better idea of the amount of scaffolding you will need. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. For example, if the base width is three feet, the first vertical tie will be (3 feet x 4) 12 feet from the ground. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. [, Be positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level, [, Have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet, [, Have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches [, Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Do not force frames or braces to fitlevel the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Authorized Person Also they can be mobile or stationary. Personal Fall Arrest System. Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. Some people would like their own customized scaffold towers. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 meters) above a lower level. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. Most screw jacks will have a built-in stop so that the maximum height cannot be exceeded. This training must be provided by a qualified person who understands the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and who knows the procedures to control or minimize those hazards. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Scaffold components cannot be mixed if they are from different manufacturers unless they fit together without force. Bracing Connect panels and frames with diagonal, horizontal, or cross braces along or as a combination, in order to laterally secure the vertical members. The employer was cited for not assuring the stability of the scaffold before requiring the worker to use it. System Scaffolding. tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. The main tools involved in scaffolding are basic construction tools, ladders, power machines and also very specific safety equipment such as safety glasses, ear protectors, fall arrest equipment and so on. The wood must be clear, free of loose knots, splits, or other defects. The area below the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. Workers building scaffolds risk serious injury from falls and tip-overs, being struck by falling tools and other hazards and electrocution from energized power lines. Ladder Jack Scaffold. Erectors and dismantlers face additional access problems due to the incomplete condition of the scaffolding. Verifies trueness of structure with plumb bob and carpenter's level. [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. All scaffolding products available at scaffoldframe.com meets OSHA and ANSI standards, and have a 5 year warranty*. Where a platform changes direction (ex. B. Scaffold Frame keeps only high grade steel scaffolding in inventory, but aluminum scaffold is available on request. Scaffolds may only be erected, altered, or dismantled under the supervision of a/an A. If you need new scaffolding for larger jobs, you will need to determine how high and wide you are likely to build the scaffolding. . Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. Wooden platforms (i.e. [, Slip-resistant surfaces on treads and landings. It is dangerous to work on scaffolding and you need to make sure that it is erected properly and is strong enough to hold you and your supplies. At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. The hazards of type of scaffold being used. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic assessment of maximum intended loads on the scaffold at all stages of erection and loading. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. 5. Has a platform that is at least 500mm wide. A 28-year old carpenter and a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted. Plumb and level scaffold. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. The forklift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. You will need many of each component for larger structures. (Figure 6) [, Hook-on and attachable ladders must be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold on which they are used. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. [, Stair rails and handrails surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)]. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. If the base width is wider than three feet, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 26 feet vertically thereafter. Make sure the scaffold is stable. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. Standards are vertical pipes that are connected with clamps or couplers to give the structure its height; ledgers are horizontal braces that steady the structure and give it width. All joints must be [, A distance of no less than 28 inches and no more than 37 inches from the upper surface of the stair rail to the forward edge of the tread, in line with the face of the riser. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. Is erected plumb and level. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. (Figure 13) [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3) and 29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3)(ii)]. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. For example, if wrapped with mesh, will the scaffold support expected wind loads? (True or False) _____ 3.